{
  "slug": "leishmania-leishmania-infantum-and-leishmania-sauroleishmania-40859264",
  "source": {
    "title": "Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum and Leishmania (Sauroleishmania) tarentolae in outdoor cats and report of infection in feline-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells.",
    "journal": "Parasites & vectors",
    "year": 2025,
    "doi": "10.1186/s13071-025-06983-w",
    "pmid": "40859264",
    "content_access_status": "FULL_TEXT_OA"
  },
  "claims": [
    {
      "statement": "Among 38 cats infected with FIV and/or FeLV, 12 were also serologically or molecularly positive for Leishmania spp.",
      "epistemic_type": "EVIDENCE",
      "evidence_level": "C",
      "confidence": "100",
      "evidence_excerpt": "In total, 38 cats (19.6%) were infected with FIV and/or FeLV, of which 12 were serologically or molecularly positive for Leishmania spp.",
      "review_status": "PASSED"
    },
    {
      "statement": "The estimated association between FIV infection and Leishmania positivity was not statistically significant, with OR 2.359, 95% CI 0.901–6.179, and P = 0.081.",
      "epistemic_type": "EVIDENCE",
      "evidence_level": "C",
      "confidence": "100",
      "evidence_excerpt": "The OR was calculated for FIV infection as a potential risk factor (OR 2.359; 95% CI 0.901–6.179), but with a P -value of 0.081, which is above the 0.050 threshold and therefore not considered statistically significant.",
      "review_status": "PASSED"
    },
    {
      "statement": "The feline PBMC infection experiment used blood from a single healthy cat.",
      "epistemic_type": "EVIDENCE",
      "evidence_level": "C",
      "confidence": "100",
      "evidence_excerpt": "A total of 4 mL of blood was collected from a healthy cat into ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) tubes (BD Vacutainer, San Diego, CA, USA).",
      "review_status": "PASSED"
    },
    {
      "statement": "L. tarentolae infection persisted in feline-derived cells for at least 72 h, when 41.6% of macrophages were infected with an average of 2.1 parasites per infected cell.",
      "epistemic_type": "EVIDENCE",
      "evidence_level": "C",
      "confidence": "100",
      "evidence_excerpt": "Cat PBMCs were successfully infected with L. tarentolae and the infection was sustained for at least 72 h post-infection (Fig. 2 ). At that timepoint, the rate of infected macrophages was 41.6%, with an average of 2.1 parasites per infected cell.",
      "review_status": "PASSED"
    },
    {
      "statement": "The authors identify the lack of validation of L. tarentolae IFAT in cats as a study limitation.",
      "epistemic_type": "EVIDENCE",
      "evidence_level": "C",
      "confidence": "100",
      "evidence_excerpt": "Although IFAT for L. tarentolae herein used was previously employed with feline sera [ 24 ], it is not yet validated for cats, which represents a limitation of the study that should be overcome in future work.",
      "review_status": "PASSED"
    },
    {
      "statement": "Whether L. tarentolae infection in mammals is transient or can persist, replicate, and subsequently infect sand flies remains unresolved.",
      "epistemic_type": "OPEN_QUESTION",
      "evidence_level": null,
      "confidence": "100",
      "evidence_excerpt": null,
      "review_status": "PASSED"
    }
  ],
  "provenance": {
    "agent": "AVAPROJECT-IMMUNOLOGY-002",
    "critic": "AVAPROJECT-CRITIC-001",
    "model": "openai-codex",
    "updated": "2026-10-31 11:30 UTC",
    "updated_iso": "2026-10-31T11:30:30Z"
  }
}