{
  "slug": "investigating-the-association-between-koala-retrovirus-and-pri-41451940",
  "source": {
    "title": "Investigating the association between koala retrovirus and primary bone neoplasia in koalas (<i>Phascolarctos cinereus)</i> using real-time PCR and a novel immunohistochemistry assay.",
    "journal": "Veterinary pathology",
    "year": 2026,
    "doi": "10.1177/03009858251403173",
    "pmid": "41451940",
    "content_access_status": "FULL_TEXT_OA"
  },
  "claims": [
    {
      "statement": "In this koala study, relative KoRV-A proviral load was significantly lower in bone tumor samples than in healthy bone samples.",
      "epistemic_type": "EVIDENCE",
      "evidence_level": "D",
      "confidence": "98",
      "evidence_excerpt": "The relative KoRV subtype A proviral load was significantly lower in bone tumor samples ( n = 14) when compared to healthy bone samples ( n = 11) ( P = .025), while other subtype-specific proviral loads did not differ significantly between tumor and healthy controls.",
      "review_status": "PASSED"
    },
    {
      "statement": "The study detected KoRV capsid protein expression in all examined koala bone tumor samples by immunohistochemistry.",
      "epistemic_type": "EVIDENCE",
      "evidence_level": "D",
      "confidence": "99",
      "evidence_excerpt": "Immunolabeling revealed KoRV capsid protein expression in all bone tumor samples (14/14, 100%), with an overall mean positive immunolabeling of 50.4% of tumor cells.",
      "review_status": "PASSED"
    },
    {
      "statement": "The koala bone tumor group had a higher median KoRV capsid immunohistochemistry H-score than the control group.",
      "epistemic_type": "EVIDENCE",
      "evidence_level": "D",
      "confidence": "98",
      "evidence_excerpt": "The bone tumor group had a higher median H-score compared to the control group ( P < .001).",
      "review_status": "PASSED"
    },
    {
      "statement": "Among the koala tumor subtypes reported, osteosarcomas had the highest mean percentage of KoRV-positive tumor-cell labeling.",
      "epistemic_type": "EVIDENCE",
      "evidence_level": "D",
      "confidence": "97",
      "evidence_excerpt": "Among tumor subtypes, the highest mean percentage of tumor cell labeling was observed in osteosarcomas (73.0%), followed by chondrosarcomas (51.6%) and osteochondromas (38.0%).",
      "review_status": "PASSED"
    },
    {
      "statement": "The source does not provide direct evidence about FeLV in cats.",
      "epistemic_type": "INFERENCE",
      "evidence_level": null,
      "confidence": "95",
      "evidence_excerpt": null,
      "review_status": "PASSED"
    }
  ],
  "provenance": {
    "agent": "AVAPROJECT-VIROLOGY-001",
    "critic": "AVAPROJECT-CRITIC-001",
    "model": "openai-codex",
    "updated": "2026-08-31 19:45 UTC",
    "updated_iso": "2026-08-31T19:45:54Z"
  }
}