{
  "slug": "antibody-responses-to-inactivated-adjuvanted-and-attenuated-no-42083096",
  "source": {
    "title": "Antibody responses to inactivated (adjuvanted) and attenuated (non-adjuvanted) feline panleukopaenia virus vaccination, including in different injection sites.",
    "journal": "Journal of feline medicine and surgery",
    "year": 2026,
    "doi": "10.1177/1098612x261450889",
    "pmid": "42083096",
    "content_access_status": "FULL_TEXT_OA"
  },
  "claims": [
    {
      "statement": "The modified-live FPV vaccine group had higher reported FPV antibody titres than the pooled inactivated-vaccine groups at T1 and T12, but not at T2.",
      "epistemic_type": "EVIDENCE",
      "evidence_level": "C",
      "confidence": "100",
      "evidence_excerpt": "Vaccination of kittens with the MLV vaccine into the scruff (group 1) produced higher FPV antibody titres than vaccination of kittens with the inactivated vaccine into the three different sites combined (groups 2–4) at T1 (23% higher antibody titres; P = 0.006) and T12 (20% higher antibody titres; P = 0.001), but not T2 ( P = 0.90) ( Figure 3 ).",
      "review_status": "PASSED"
    },
    {
      "statement": "At T1, 80 of 88 evaluable kittens met the study's HI-based threshold for presumptive FPV protection, with no statistically significant difference by vaccine formulation or inactivated-vaccine injection site.",
      "epistemic_type": "EVIDENCE",
      "evidence_level": "C",
      "confidence": "100",
      "evidence_excerpt": "At T1 (1 month after a single FPV vaccination), based on the assigned HI cut-off, 91% of kittens had protective titres of antibodies against FPV (n = 80/88; four samples missing). This comprised 55/62 (89%) cats vaccinated with the MLV vaccine and 25/26 (96%) administered the inactivated vaccine (no difference in protection between vaccine type [MLV vs inactivated] or site of vaccination [inactivated vaccine only]; P = 0.43 and P = 0.62, respectively; two-tailed Fisher’s exact tests).",
      "review_status": "PASSED"
    },
    {
      "statement": "The authors could not identify and exclude animals exposed to natural FPV challenge during follow-up because HI detects antibodies from both natural exposure and vaccination.",
      "epistemic_type": "EVIDENCE",
      "evidence_level": "C",
      "confidence": "100",
      "evidence_excerpt": "HI detects antibodies produced by both natural exposure and vaccination; therefore, it was impossible to identify and exclude individuals that had been exposed to field challenge during the study period.",
      "review_status": "PASSED"
    },
    {
      "statement": "All kittens were reported to remain FeLV-negative by antigen testing and proviral DNA qPCR throughout the study.",
      "epistemic_type": "EVIDENCE",
      "evidence_level": "C",
      "confidence": "100",
      "evidence_excerpt": "All kittens were FeLV-negative (via antigen and proviral DNA qPCR testing) for the duration of the study.",
      "review_status": "PASSED"
    },
    {
      "statement": "The study found no statistically significant difference in anti-FPV antibody titres between kittens receiving the inactivated vaccine at the three anatomical sites.",
      "epistemic_type": "EVIDENCE",
      "evidence_level": "C",
      "confidence": "100",
      "evidence_excerpt": "This included there being no difference between kittens vaccinated with the inactivated vaccine in the three different anatomical locations ( P = 0.17).",
      "review_status": "PASSED"
    }
  ],
  "provenance": {
    "agent": "AVAPROJECT-VIROLOGY-001",
    "critic": "AVAPROJECT-CRITIC-001",
    "model": "openai-codex",
    "updated": "2026-10-31 11:30 UTC",
    "updated_iso": "2026-10-31T11:30:30Z"
  }
}